Molecular biology techniques were also used to find out the action mechanisms of the drug. In the animal behavioral tests, quetiapine did not show any positive effect on the experimental animals in the climbing, jumping, and conditioned place preference tests. However, in the head twitch and self-administration tests, the experimental animals showed significant positive responses. In addition, the action mechanism of quetiapine was found being related to dopamine and serotonin release.
These results demonstrate that quetiapine affects the neurological systems related to abuse liability and has the potential to lead psychological dependence, as well. Drug dependence is defined as the loss of control over drug use or the compulsive seeking and taking of drugs despite adverse consequences Koob, It is caused by drug activity in the brain. However, it is also related to physiological and social factors. Once a person develops drug dependence, it might last their whole life.
In this context, research to evaluate drugs regarding their potential for dependence, before the drugs to go into common usage, is important. Animal experiment can be one of the tools for indirectly measuring drug dependence Acheson et al.
There are two types of drug dependence: physical dependence and psychological dependence. Physical dependence refers to the state resulting from chronic use of a drug-to the point of tolerance-in which negative physical symptoms or withdrawal result from abrupt drug discontinuation or dosage reduction Landry et al. Psychological dependence refers to a lack of self restraint regarding drug use.
Two important concepts pertain to this phenomenon are reinforcement and reward Taylor, ; Koob and Kreek, Quetiapine is an atypical second-generation antipsychotic agent that has an approved labeling from the Food and Drug Administration in for the on-label treatment of schizo-phrenia and the on-label short-term treatment as monotherapy or adjunct therapy to lithium or valporic acid of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder Morin, ; Sansone and Sansone, Quetiapine is sometimes used off-label, often as an augmentation agent, to treat conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, restless legs syndrome, autism, alcoholism, depression, and Tourette syndrome.
Additionally, physicians have used it as a sedative for those with sleep disorders or anxiety disorders FDA, Quetiapine is a dibenzothiazepine derivative, and known to be an antagonist of serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and adrenergic receptors. However the mode of action has not been clearly elucidated yet. This is one reason quetiapine is the most frequently- prescribed antipsychotic agent in the United States of America USA.
Though quetiapine is not a controlled substance and is not considered addictive, its drug dependence potential has been described in several case reports Pinta, Some are the cases of inmates in jails or prisons Pierre et al. However, little or no scientific evidence revealing its action of mechanism and dependence or abuse liability, including animal behavioral experiments, presently exists Sansone and Sansone, We therefore performed various animal behavioral experiments, and used molecular biology techniques to elucidate the abuse liability and the mechanisms of action of quetiapine in the present study.
The animals received a solid diet and tap water ad libitum , and their treatment conformed to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals NRC We performed all experiments between and Methamphetamine HCl, cocaine, and quetiapine were obtained from Sigma St. The climbing behavior test apparatus was a stainless steel cylinder with many vertical bars, which an experimental mouse could climb. The conditioned place preference test chamber had three distinct compartments white, black, and grey separated by automatic guillotine doors.
To automate data collection, infrared photo-beam detectors were added. The choice compartments were 28 cm long. One choice compartment was all black, with a stainless steel grid rod floor consisting of 4. The other compartment was all white, with a 1. The self-administration test chamber was purchased from Med Associates Inc. The chambers contained two levers, an active lever to deliver a drug dose, via the jugular vein, through a connected catheter and an inactive lever, not connected to the experimental animal.
Infusion pumps were placed outside the chamber and connected to a 10 ml syringe. We connected the chamber to a computer, to record test data and control the experimental processes. Then for 1 min, their climbing duration was checked, using a stopwatch. The tests were repeated three times, with a time-out period of 10 min.
Then for 15 min, the jumping numbers of the animals were counted. The jumping number was counted for 15 min. The experiment was repeated three times. The test was repeated three times, at 10 min intervals. Conditioned place preference test: Before starting the experiment, the mice were acclimated to the experimental apparatus and handled for 6 days.
The procedure was similar to that described previously Bozarth, ; Narita et al. Pre-conditioning: For 2 days days 1 and 2 the rats were allowed free access to both compartments of the apparatus for 15 min s each day. On day 2, the time spent by the mice in each compartment was recorded and served as a baseline. The mice showed preference for the black compartment was selected for further experiments and divided into two groups.
Conditioning: Conditioning was conducted for 8 days days 3 to 10 , for one session per day. The other group of mice was treated with saline, and placed in the preferred compartment black for 30 min. The groups were switched everyday and the same procedure was conducted.
Post-conditioning: On day 11, the mice were allowed to access freely both compartments of the apparatus for 15 min s. The time spent by the mice in each compartment was recorded, with these values serving as a test line. Self-administration test: Surgical procedures were as follows. Your individual dosage will expend on your age, what condition you have, and other factors. If addiction occurs, inpatient treatment is likely the best solution. An inpatient program will begin with detoxing, which allows patients to experience the effects in withdrawal in a comfortable and healthy environment.
Tags: prescription drug use , prescription drugs , prescription medication , Seroquel. What Is Seroquel? Why People Use Seroquel Doctors commonly prescribe Seroquel to treat or ease the symptoms of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Does Seroquel Get You High? Side Effects of Seroquel Seroquel, when misused, certainly comes with complications. Schizophrenia and Addiction Living with Schizophrenia and Addiction.
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Table of Contents Is Seroquel Addictive? What Type of Drug is It? There should also be periodic assessments of what you experience as your Seroquel dosage is lowered. If you are taking Seroquel and are considering discontinuation, discuss your options with your provider. Avoid acting independently regarding your dosages, even if you feel that it is no longer necessary. There is now consensus among clinicians that most psychotropics, if used for longer than several weeks, could potentially lead to some form of withdrawal.
This should not rule out use of these medications given how helpful they can be in restoring someone to their best psychological state. However, it does mean that careful consideration and frank discussions with your doctor are part of the process of initiating treatment of Seroquel.
If you are struggling with what feels like problematic use of Seroquel or another medication, you should know that many rehabilitation and supervised detoxification facilities are accepting patients who are withdrawing from prescribed medication.
There is increasing recognition that misuse or abuse of prescribed drugs are just as debilitating as the abuse of illicit drugs. Some facilities also help offer emotional and medical support for those who are not misusing Seroquel but are biologically dependent and wish to safely come off of it.
If you think you may be having any symptoms of withdrawal, express your concerns to your medical professional.
If you're struggling with negative feelings such as guilt or shame regarding your withdrawal symptoms, a mental health professional can help your process those feelings and help you cope with them in a healthy way. You are not alone if you find yourself struggling with feeling addicted to Seroquel or another neuroleptic. It's important to show yourself compassion as you deal with withdrawal symptoms and any negative emotions that arise as a result of your symptoms.
Learn the best ways to manage stress and negativity in your life. Quetiapine withdrawal: A systematic review [published online ahead of print, Oct 16]. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. Cosci F, Chouinard G. Psychother Psychosom. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellMind. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
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